openspaceman

Nowadays I try and stick with kWhr all the way but your figures look well within the ball park. Actually on a mass for mass basis softwoods are higher cv than hardwood (because of higher lignin content). We imported softwood pellets that were over 20MJ/kg even with 10% moisture, they were douglas fir I think. whole tree chips will be lower.

The good places I knew seem to have disappeared. Last time I had a brake band relined the chap said that it was asbestos based material that needed rivets and modern stuff was bonded, modern stuff also had lower friction coefficient.

Probably better just to blow air through the heat and let the heat from the microbes lower the rh of the air directly. Most big chip consumers just take the hit and lose the vapour (and enthalpy of vapour) up the flue it's only small boilers that don't cope with high moisture. Local firm to me just stockpiles logs in the round during the summer as chip heaps respire energy and the mould clumps the chips.

It's chlorosis, possibly from canker in the graft unions

and even that's 50 more than I was taught it was when in school. Good job you're not darker or we'd be in bigger trouble

25 years ago I got a tp960 on account of the better chip it produced from roundwood, it's up in Norfolk but with you and Farmer Rod both asking in the same area... The friend who borrowed it is now gone over to biogas to run the farm, and put electricity in the grid, so it and his two boilers are surplus: "One boiler is a Baxi Multifuel 35 kW with a 600 litre hopper. The other is a Gejs with a bigger hopper for tractor bucket filling, over 2 m3. It is 50 kW. Both have oxygen sensing."

Yes and watch for a vinegary smell which indicates one bit has got over hot I should have refreshed the thread before replying, I hadn't seen your reply as I was trying to fathom the "check engine" light on daughter's vitara which I'm borrowing tomorrow.

Fill an oven proof container, weigh, stick in electric oven for 24 hours at 120C, weigh, empty container, weigh it. Difference between the container weight and when full of oven dry chips is the oven dry weight (ODT). Diffence between the container and green weight is wet weight. wet weight-ODT is water, water divided by wet weight times 100 is moisture content wet weight basis. You can do the same much quicker using the defrost setting of a microwave but the temperature can easily run away . you need to monitor till there is no change in weight. probably but drying a thin layer then heaping it may be safer, you'll need it below 25% to stop it sweating/mould.

350.org

Yes but the proof is in the eating and a good practitioner with a 3 stone fire is hard to beat. The priority is to improve indoor air pollution but this was probably not properly recognised until Kirk Smith pointed out the problems. Me too though I always hoped to be more involved I think it was Tom Reed that first used the term for discarded tin cans used for raw materials. I first heard how important it was from a chap with a trekkasaw who worked on ships, he said that in the pacific people dived after the waste that was thrrown overboard, that would be around86. That's funny, me too, I nearly gave up and went to bed, off again in 7.

Yes but they are high mass stoves, these were promoted in the 80s especially in South America, as improved stoves, the lorena was one but whilst they do control air supply to some extent they soak up a lot of energy in heating the stove. This is why there is a move to lighter weight, tincanium, stoves that can be fabricated locally by blacksmiths from old oil drums and such but also using mixtures of clays that are lighter and better insulators. The first picture shows the woman using a blowpipe to fan the flames, the fire vents to the room in which a young child is sitting. The flames are touching the pot which is blackened with soot, the pot is a good shape but there will be greater heat losses with no lid. Interestingly the woman does not have the blowpipe to her mouth, intuitively this makes sense until you wonder that we inhale 21% oxygen and exhale 18%. Similar comments on the second picture, is she removing a pot from a steamer? Note the soot stained upper walls. Some say the smoke preserves the thatch by killing bugs but it's a high price to pay breathing the air inside. I'm not sure of the third picture, are they burning rushes? And a coil to heat water in a sunken two pot stove? Last picture indicates some sort of drying or smoking of stuff hanging from the ceiling. What country? Nepal? We discussed cooking and lighting in Nepal and I was appalled to be told the average life expectancy was about 45, this when I was 50 and no a decade later I still don't feel I'm ready to shuffle off. The site is down atm but if you are interested visit BioEnergy Discussion Lists when it comes back online.

That's a three stone fire with a tin can pot. It does demonstrate some of the problems with a three stone fire though, the uncontrolled combustion air and, more importantly the cold pot being in the flame. This quenches the flame and that means the flame has not burned out, hence the sooty deposit on the can. This is an inconvenience but in the rural third world the cooking may be taking place indoors, sooty particles then circulate in the room and are a source of Indoor Air Pollution, because these particulates are a complex of carbon and phenolic based organic compounds, they are not only carcinogenic, like Benzo-a-pyrene in tobacco smoke also, but are implicated in susceptibility to acute respiratory infecting in youngsters. This and unsanitary water supply are the biggest child killers. The rocket is in effect 1/3 of a three stone fire with a bit more length for combustion to complete, it still has the problem of allowing too much excess air through the stove which other designs try to control. The kelly kettle is a precursor to the rocket and I did notice one being used in some of the early footage of the young princess Elizabeth.

Are you sure you don't mean tincanium? Most of these designs started off life as coffee, paint tins etc.

Length of a piece of string question, when I packed up as Sudbrook closed I was forwarding 2.5m hardwood pulp onto trailers at 58 tonne/day over 1km for £4/tonne and using about 30 litres of diesel. It was OK if nothing went wrong. I can get woodchip to you for cheaper than you could fell and chip it if you take it in the summer and in 25 tonne loads.

I dug mine out on Monday and the rope and harness, all worked as I remembered it, section felling an old Lawsons, rope management left a bit to be desired but it's been 10 years or so. I always found it a bit low powered for anything but early softwood thinnings, preferring a 262 for most work.

Yes but never is a long time, highways authorities change and lose records which is why my advice, and that of the NFU last I heard, is in addition to yours and is to re affirm regularly.

Arrgh! Not in my bailiwick if I see the application. I won't oppose a sensible diversion round a headland or away from a yard or dwelling but hemming in a prevously open path will get me going. In fact when a land owner wishes to change the route of a currently fenced in path one of the conditions I strive for is the open aspect. Now where are you

Yes and the 18 ton trailer bit is a bit hard to achieve with regard to axle spacings and it means the tractor must weigh less than 6190kg What taxation class are these mogs used under?

This would then be a permissive path as opposed to a right of way. Anyone happy to allow public access by this sort of arrangement but not intending the route to become dedicated as a public right of way should lodge a map and statement with the highway authority to say there is no intent to dedicate the route AND renew this statement every 6 years.

Yes Open Spaces Society and Ramblers Association are both statutary consultees. You'll need to make the application, advertise it for six weeks and if there is an objection deal with that. If the objection is not withdrawn then it can go to public enquiry.

Traditionally November through to March, the idea being to not exhaust reserves in the of food in the parenchymous tissue of the stool as these are necessary to support the new shoots in the next growing season until new leaves can. Unless your coup is a large one you will need to protect the new growth.

So you can demonstrate a legitimate use for any material received I paraphrase a note from someone in EA: Virgin wood chip is not waste and therefore does not require a permit to store/treat/produce. Virgin timbers are not waste and are not subject to waste regulatory controls provided they are certain to be used for purposes to which virgin wood is commonly put. These include use as: 1. woodchip in gardens or on pathways; 2. a raw material for composting; 3 fuel There are other regulations and planning permission to consider but for small scale I wouldn't worry. The same does not apply to other plant waste, like grass mowings or hedge clippings, the definition of of virgin timber seems quite precise. There is some ambiguity in the EA position because they still seem to have kept exemptions for processing and storing woodchip, whether this only applies to "clean" waste wooe. things like unpainted untreated pallets containing no chipboard/mdf isn't clear to me.

are they hanging from threads? Looks like tortrix ( leaf roller caterpillar)

Have you any idea how different wild flower seeds stay viable? I have a commercial mix which didn't get sown this year and wonder if it will be good for next season.

Hoe does one tackle a mixed heap like that? I'm looking at having to move on a similar looking heap that's been rucked up by a telehandler, 'cept it's 10 time more.