Fungus

Phloem = transport outside downwards, xylem = transport inside upwards, so the orange exudate would be coming upwards from the roots via the xylem (sapwood) bleeding from the trunk via the radial rays or from the top of a fresh saw cut of stumps as f.i. can be seen with Betula and Acer ?

David, Both pink species contain psycho-active indol derivates and muscarine.

Tony, What do you mean with "progressing up the cambium" ? Isn't cambium permanent embryonic tissue without a transport function ?

The honorable count Pip to Porus from Bet u Linus the first .

David, There is more to fungi than just a name .

The orange stuff on both beeches could be coming from a Nectria ditissima infection on top of black bleeding caused by an infection with Armillaria cf. mellea rhizomorphs invading the cambium and blocking the transport via the phloem and xylem.

Ötzi, the iceman from the Alps, had it in a lether purse hanging from his belt. And it was used by bee keepers for smouldering bits in a pipe to stun and pacify the bees with the smoke enabling them to harvest the honey from the hives.

David, Apart from the obvious T.v., in the second photo, there is another (resupinate) species : Datronia mollis.

Marco, Yes, the velum universale initially protects (the primordium of) the total mushroom (f.i. remaining white scales on the cap of the Fly Agaric) and the velum partiale protects the gills or pores/tubes from drying out or being eaten by insects and slugs. After the partial veil (f.i. Fly Agaric, Macrolepiota procera) or cortina (Cortinarius) tears from the rim of the cap, it either stays behind as a ring or annulus, or it stains the spot on the stipe where the delicate veil or the cortina was attached. Once the velum partiale or cortina retracts from the rim of the cap, the spores develop, ripen, fall down and are dispersed by the wind.

First set of photo's. 1. Flammulina velutipes ? 2. On Prunus ? If so : Phellinus tuberculosus. 3. Piptoporus betulinus. 4. Coprinus micaceus s.l. or C. domesticus, if an ozonium is present. 5. Laccaria amethystina. Some pics from Hols in the Loire valley. 1. Praying mantis. 2. Boletus lupinus ? 3. Laetiporus sulphureus.

1. Standard basic VTA-procedure without assessment and integration of fungus-tree species specific interactions and effects on the stability of the tree in the diagnosis. 2. Along with the use of a bodkin or a longer cavity probe, also standard basic VTA-procedure, the subject of this thread is "Picus sonic Tomograph".

On the continent, I would identify this as Oxyporus populinus, so to be 100 % sure, you'll need more than a slice of the flesh and tube layer, i.e. you need a microscope.

I'm a mycologist and forest ecologist. And have a look at my Dutch website on macrofungi, to see which 1.100 species are on my CD-rom The Interactive Guide to Mushrooms and other Fungi.

Marco, No idea, the brick must have been brought there from quite a distance, because the bifurcated beech is part of a woodland, that is miles away from the urban environment.

- Fibre buckling is a mechanical phenomenon, i.e. is not caused by fungi. - Shell or bark buckling caused by simultaneous white rotters (life belt, love handles) differs from shell buckling caused by brown rotters (horizontal and vertical bark cracks or creases). - Vertical sheer or spiral cracks are mostly associated with Ganoderma species and Fomes fomentarius. - Bark sinking on the trunk is mostly caused by Phellinus or Inonotus species. - Bark and cambium necrosis causing fungi can often be recognised by the characteristics of their cankers. - If there are signs of hollowing, you don't need to know the cause to determine the (remaining) wood quality or strength and stability of the tree. - Tomography can not assess woodrot below ground level, so it's not suited for identifying and diagnosing woodrot caused by wood degrading pathogens such as Meripilus giganteus, K. deusta, Pholiota squarrosa, Gymnopilus junonius, Collybia fusipes, etc. at and below ground level. - For the rest, you'll have to assess and monitor the body language of the tree and have knowledge of and experience with the outer signs of fungus-tree species specific interactions and how they effect the stability of the tree. - The last question can not be answered by using any type of instrument, i.e. can only be answered after the tree has been felled and the necrotrophic parasitic or saprotrophic macrofungi start panic fruiting or the territorial bounderies of the more than one species and the types of woodrot become visible.

David, No need to guess one bit which Cortinarius species, this is Psathyrella piluliformis (= P. hydrophila).

David, 1. The anamorph Pirobasidium sarcoides of Ascocoryne sarcoides s.l. (incl. A. cylichnium). 2. Hygrophorus discoxanthus smells like the caterpillar of Cossus cossus and is an ectomycorrhizal symbiont of beech. 3. Boletus luridus has orange-red pores turning dark blue on bruising. This could be Boletus subtomentosus, but the FB is too old to be sure.

Yes, we do (photo Castanea), but not as often as you see it happening in the U.K. I think, it's because we only have a few veteran oaks and very few old sweet chestnuts, that have old age entry wounds at higher levels and damage to the trees is almost always done at trunk base level creating lower entry wounds. Besides, we don't have the competition of Fistulina with I. dryadeus, which forces Fistulina to have its territory higher up the tree. ---

Sloth, Why use any type of more or less invasive instrument, if there are no signs of decay by any fungus - with or without FB's - present or visible in the body language of the tree itself ?

Rob, Also see my album on Fistulina hepatica.

Sloth, Normally, with older beeches L. amethystina is associated with the finer roots in the dripping zone of the outer crown projections, where they await the germination of the seedlings from all beeches sharing common ground. For the association of L. amethystina with adventitious roots surrounding the tree's trunk base, see my case study.

How hungry must beeches be to start munching away at a stone ? ---

... or into bark and cambium necrosis causing deformation of large zones of the trunk with massive cankers as a result. ---

Pouting lips face on beech. ---

All used as nesting holes/hollows by the same pair of woodpeckers at the same time or are some taken by other birds (nuthatch), bats, squirrels or tree marten ?