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Fungus

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Everything posted by Fungus

  1. "... there is a tradition in many newsgroups and other Internet discussion forums that once such a comparison is made, the thread is finished and whoever mentioned the Nazis has automatically lost whatever debate was in progress." Tony, So you're the one losing whatever debate and finishing the thread by being the first to mention Hitler or did you think that the "Man in Black" was Hitler instead of Claus Mattheck, who by the way always wears brown leather clothing ?
  2. Tony, It must be my poor understanding of British humour and/or the experiences we Dutch had with the nazi's that I don't see the joke in this, so could you please enlighten me on the meaning of your above statement on Hitler and on who the first person is to mention he (= ?) loses.
  3. How about this for an ad hominem fallacy : ---
  4. 1. Yes, there has, but not very often because of pro-active removing of infected large diameter branches diagnosed by infected small branches lying on the ground (see the photo's in my thread and earlier post) leading to timely high altitude inspection. 2. Never together, always after one another with I. hispidus being the later one fruiting from the trunk and never from major (Massaria infected) branches.
  5. : also see my thread on Massaria in The Netherlands, to which I add the following photo. ---
  6. Last year, I found two small annual brackets of Meripilus giganteus hidden between low bushes surrounding the base of this old roadside beech and this is what the crown looks like this year. ---
  7. "I have ended reacting to any of your posts on this forum" Steve, : as far as posts with a mycological, (forest or urban) ecological and arboricultural content are concerned.
  8. "With this reply and after reviewing your obvious lack of expertise on, or even any interest whatsoever in the *arboricultural* aspects of urban ecology" Quote from my "CV" on Arbtalk : "... from 1996 on ... an educationial program with seminars and in situ workshops all over The Netherlands and Belgium following and completing a basic VTA course ... the participants of the mycological courses and workshops, which were a few hundred over the 11 years I was associated with an international tree company for which I assessed and monitored (both VTA and MTA) over 15.000 urban and road side trees. During that period I also intensively worked together with Claus Mattheck." both with religion in their mission statements : :lol:
  9. With this reply and after consulting some of my colleagues and arborists from the U.K., the European continent and Australia on your obvious lack of expertise on mycological aspects of tree care, I have ended reacting to any of your posts on this forum, nor to enlighten you as the owner of Better Tree Care on the subject of mycology or forest ecology.
  10. In The Netherlands we have quite some experience with non-GEM species and variaties of elms that have proven to be resistent to DED.
  11. Hard to say without knowing the colour of the spores. Because they seem to be rusty brown on the yellow gills and the closed caps have a yellowish cortina like annulus connecting the rim to the stem, I think it could be an (indigenous) Gymnopilus species or an Agrocybe species if the spores are more tobacco to dark brown.
  12. I'm just referring to the lack of (reliable) documentations of lightning strikes in old and free standing Tilia in The Netherlands, which I only have observed twice.
  13. 1. Over twenty five years of short and long term experimental and in situ research done by several highly qualified European scientists from different backgrounds of which you obviously never have heard, which makes me all the more skeptical about your supposed expertise on the subject of Armillaria with you trying to detect hyphae with a magnifying glass in the past. 2. You first said that acidification comes from cow pads, remember ? And what about spreading of nitrification by ground and surface water ? 3. Do you seriously think that plants and natural mulch can compensate for the massive nitrification of the soil through the air and by water and on what scientifically valid research is this personal (?) opinion based ? 4. Yes, it has as well in The Netherlands as in Germany for individual or rows of several species of trees in lanes or roadside verges and for trees in infected forests (oak, spruce). 5. Questionable, sure and that's why an in vitro and in situ program of international scientific research has started since 2007 and my book "De verborgen boom" presenting the concept of the Tree Species Specific Ecosystem is published coming September, which is more than can be said of your rather religious "mission statement", that can nor will not be tested for validity at all. 6. See 1.
  14. Kev & David, The female fly doesn't look for anything, she "smells" (pheromones) the difference between the two species (and all other species) of Ganoderma and is very accurate at it. So I'd sooner rely on her "nose" than on Neil's observation of a Ganoderma species that was covered with a resupinate Sistotrema sernanderi, that could have been responsible for the abnormal size of the spores for a G. lipsiense or his sample of the spores was not accurately selected, i.e. there were to many not completely ripened spores in his sample. And then there is the medium in which the spore size was checked that could have been responsible for shrinking or swelling of the spores. Besides, his find was never officially published and the other "maybe" finds on G. australe were never microscopically checked.
  15. 1. Humble arborists do if they are to assess and manage the stability and the risk of falling of a tree. 2. Most of the European researchers qualified on the subject of excessive nitrification do and otherwise would have found a "cure" for or a method of mitigating the effects of nitrification, which by the way is not restricted to the soil. And there is no harm in experimenting if it is done by properly trained experts using scientifically valid methods. 3. If it was that simple, we would not have a massive Armillaria problem.
  16. 1. No one's guaranteeing forever--a short-term benefit is still a benefit, and may allow other therapies, such as soil work to mitigate acidification and nitrification, take hold. For trunks and buttresses, decay fungi can and should be resisted. 2. Soil type influenced disease development and the proportion of trees infected was higher in an acidic sand soil than in an alkaline clay soil." 1. Excessive nitrification enhances wood degrading fungi to speed up the decay of dead wood which can not be mitigated by soil work. 2. No wonder, as the hyphae of Armillaria are protected against acids, bacteria and other fungi by the melanin layers shielding them off (plaques) or covering and surrounding them (rhizomorphs).
  17. 1. The amount of soil removed is highly unlikely to destabilize a mature oak -- is this a serious question ? Ad 1. It was not the effect of the amount of soil removed on the stability of the plants that was the subject of the in vitro research -- is this a serious answer ? 2. It's the combination of treatments they were testing, and they were judging by the results. Ad 2. Testing on grapes and strawberries and with results assuming, i.e. not proving a positive short or long term effect on trees. 3. Trees can wall off some wood-destroying fungi, inexorably and indefinitely, indicating immortality. Ad 3. Repeating your "mission statement" doesn't prove anything. 4. Condemning mature urban oaks based on nearby rhizomorphs sounds more like jumping to conclusions on an unproven assumption ! Ad 4. Who says I've ever condemned a tree on the presence of nearby rhizomorphs or on the mere presence of rhizomorphs alone ? Speaking of jumping to conclusions ! 5. Acidification is global and gradual. Cow crap has been spread on fields since the dawn of civilization. The problems you cite are (somewhat) reversible, at least proven treatable. Other studies show improvement in tree health and growth. An inventory over time would be interesting to see, true. The populations might shift, and while this might upset the tssm/tsse applecart in one view, populations of microbes can adjust, influenced by the dominant organism, the tree ... the proportion of trees infected was higher in an acidic sand soil than in an alkaline clay soil." So yes reducing acidification and nitrification should be part of the work--and soil replacement and modificiation does that. Ad 5. Acidification from cow crap ? I thought it came from brown coal fired powerplants or heavy industry and cars. Massive nitrification comes from three to four storey pig and chicken "farms" with over 15.000 animals per stable and from overmanuring (ammonia) of grasslands and maize fields, i.e. not from extensive agriculture using cow pads. So how do you suppose to treat, reverse, overcome or neutralize the effects of these nitrification levels ? By soil replacement in all woodlands, parks and roadside verges of The Netherlands and the western parts of Germany ? And you obviously still don't understand the essence and importance of the tree species specific soil food web if you think microbes can take over the basic functions of mycorrhizal fungi. 6. That looks like an issue of timing and quantity. In tree health care, efforts are made to decrease the potential of pathogens. If Armillaria-infected tissue and soil is removed before inoculation, an introduced inoculant can more likely gain the upper hand. The picture shows Armillaria going full force, and a few specks of Trichoderma on top, which is the completely opposite scenario. Ad 6. All assumptions for which there is no proof. How do you assess the quantity and effectiveness of several different Trichoderma species that are already present in the soil before deciding to introduce an artificially produced Trichoderma ? And can you judge from the quantity and size of the anamorphs in the picture how much material of the Armillaria melanin plaques was invaded and degraded by the mycelium of the Trichoderma ? 7. this treatment ... Can you prove it wrong ? Ad 7. The question is not whether I can prove it wrong, it's whether you can prove it right.
  18. Some trees (beech, ash) can for a while as long as the radial rays are shut down by the tree to keep the mycelium of K. deusta entering and using the rays to reach and invade the living tissues. IME for instance Tilia, Acer, Betula and Quercus rubra can not compartementalise K. deusta effectively.
  19. 1."the potential of Trichoderma (Trianum, a Dutch product for instance used for Fusarium control in beans) against A. mellea remains unknown" ... "the use of root invigoration in combination with Trichoderma may provide a useful cultural/bio-control combination for long term A. mellea control." (How, when, where and by whom is this monitored and tested ?) ... "Results of our experiments should also be interpreted with some degree of caution when adapting research from grapes and strawberries to large trees with respect to structural aspects." 2. How can several studies in the forestry, phytopathology and ecology literature demonstrate the effectiveness of these treatments if "the potential of Trichoderma against A. mellea remains unknown" and the "results of our experiments should also be interpreted with some degree of caution when adapting research from grapes and strawberries to large trees with respect to structural aspects" ? Besides, old wine in new bottles considering the extensive research on the effects of Trichoderma (and Phlebiopsis gigantea) on Heterobasidion annosum and the lack of proof for the long term effectiveness of the treatment. 3. Again jumping to conclusions on an unproven assumption ? Apart from the above, the following remarks and questions arise : - What about Armillaria ostoyae, the dominant species on oaks and coniferous trees ? - What about the effects of acidification and nitrification causing the massive outbreak of Armillaria and can these effects be overcome or neutralised by root invigoration and the introduction of Trianum ? - What about the effects of tree root invigoration on root protecting and defending mycorrhizae ? - Strawberries and grapes are endomycorrhizal, a lot of the affected tree species are ectomycorrhizal. - Why introduce Trianum into the soil food webs of trees if "Trichoderma is a genus of fungi that is present in all soils" and also in trees in combination with plaques of Armillaria ostoyae that does not seem to "suffer" from the presence of Trichoderma at all (see photo) ? The photo shows the inside of a felled oak that was brown rotted by Laetiporus sulphureus and white rotted by Armillaria ostoyae with the presence of the anamorph Trichoderma viride (of Hypocrea rufa) "feeding on" the plaques of the Armillaria without damaging the melanin covered wood degrading hyphae. ---
  20. No, when I click on "example", I get to a post by Matthew Arnold on an Ash stump with K. deusta.
  21. Here's a good example of this phenomenon (photo 3, 4 and 6).
  22. David, There are no differences between the two "varieties" at a microscopical level and I've documented both "distinct varieties" from southern Europe up to Scandinavia on Fagus, Betula, Quercus, Tilia, Alnus, Salix, Populus and Aesculus. I even found both "varieties" twice on the same tree, so there is no distinct "northern" or "southern" variety.

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