I've just read this post all the way through and there are some really good points.
Our experience in employing staff has shown that for the most part people nowadays are taught to pass a test rather than carry out a function, cheifly owing tto the commercialisation of the the training and testing system. This leads to an emphasis on safety, no bad thing, but a lack of effectiveness in the real world. (The driving test is a prime example).
We now routinely test applicants on all their quals to assess their abilities prior to a days work interview and if they fit in with the team their pay reflects their actual ability rather than their 'ticket price'.
As the MD/owner I started my company with a goal of creating pathways for my staff to progress into more cerebral spheres of work as they matured. Very few other companies do this, IMO. As we grow and managerial positions develop we train our guys to move up into team leader and manager roles. This gives them an incentive to stay with us and keeps them producing for us. It's expensive but gives us good continuity and corporate memory is maintained. We have a skills matrix for all the guys and fill the boxes as time, money and requirements allow. Again it's expensive but does help us retain staff.
On the matter raised about when the poo hits the fan, my top climber, a couple of years ago sustained a serious injury whilst climbing. He's highly qualified, very safety concious and good in the tree. One moments loss of focus and he's permenantly damaged. Fortunately he worked for me and he is fully employed and we are benefitting from his knowledge, way more than mine.
The balance has to be struck between experience and tickets. Tickets/certs cover the owners backside when things go wrong. If all the compliance paperwork is in place then hopefully it doesn't destroy the business. However ensuring safety through checks and audits is just as important.
Broken fences or cars are one thing, a broken person is both physiologically and psychologically unpleasant.