daltontrees

[ame] [/ame] Placky bag 'durates' for 3 minutes. Drop an acorn out of an upper storey window, everyone from Gallileo onwards would guess it will accelerate (at about 10m/s/s) straight down, hindered only by air resistance. Velocity is speed plus direction so the concept of fall velocity is currently not really making sense to my slightly tired brain. Maybe I should read the article, but not tonight.

Keep us posted, will you? I've only seen P.l. suspects from a couple of metres away, not able to trespass to confirm my suspicions. I am pretty sure I saw one in Oxford last summer, the dieback had been so rapid that it was hard to comprehend how anything could take a tree from full vigour to fox-brown and completely dead so very quickly. There were such jitters about this disease a few years ago then it all went quiet. When you think how many Lawsons there are in gardens, it would eb quite devastating if it swept through the country. But it's one of those Oomycota I think, and maybe doesn't spread by aerial spores so much as by ground water, so maybe can be contained.

Please do it, I'd use it regularly.

That's what I meant, plus it sells the publications and does not endorse any other valuation method. Tree valuation systems, at least all the ones I have seen, share a failing and that is they are weak on published assumptions and limitations, unlike the Red Book which is as exhaustive as one could hope for. So the valuations they produce are inherently vague (that's the best single word I can come up with). I daresay a couple of pedants like us could debate this sort of thing ad nauseam until long after the rest of the world has switched off the lights and gone off to do something, anything, more interesting. I suppose I just wanted to make the point that studies like the Milwaukee one, ambitious and rigorous as they might be, have limitations and if one of those is reliance on CTLA and it has (and had in the earlier editions that must have been used) limitations then the conclusions of the study cannot be extended to other situations with a simple 'therefore'. That and the fundamental tenet of the scientific approach that correlation does not prove consequence. The extreme view is that the trees did not lose value, they never had the value attributed to them because their demise was foreseeable. They might even have been considered financial liabilities. But we tree folk battle with that debate to some extent almost daily.

And the ISA has a vested interest in not criticising CTLA even though it has very obvious failings.

Sorry but I'm not clear on this. Are you saying that the genus contained the first flowering plant? Or that it contains the oldest surviving flowering plant species It's hard to pin all this down, plus since that book was written in 1999 there have been strong claims from water lilies, amborella, foxtails and star anise. Nad perhaps there is a distinction to be made about the first flowering plants and the first terrestrial flowering plants. From what I can tell from a sift of conflicting literature the proptotype angiosperms relied on water in the reproduction process (and were aquatic rather than terrestrial) but it's not even clear if these can properly be considered angiosperms.

That's my thinking too, root or root collar dysfunction, affecting so far only one side. I'd pretty much rule out aphids, but you could check for black sooty mould adhering to shoots. More likely to be biotic than abiotic, but abiotic factors could be responsible partly, by stressing tree and making it more vulnerable to infection. P. lateralis is a definite possibility. You'd have to expose wood right down at the base to look for lesions. I'm not sure whether you would have to notify it, but if you have grounds to suspect it perhaps the FC would be interested in helping with confirmation. It would certainly rule out replanting with Chamaecyparis and probably Thuja, maybe Taxus. Again the FC might be able to advise, and I think they have already published something 'cos I read it somewhere a while back.

Where did you see it? It's not native to Sheffield as far as I know..

From my website Sept 2011 - Julian Morris Professional Tree Services

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_cleaning My sister has one, it is aaaaammmmaaaazing.

On Willow it is more ikely to be Daedalopsis confragrosa. simlar mazegill pattern.

Ficus religiosa?

A good study but there is a weakness in the argument. It can be approached from two different directions. The first is that it is a longstanding deficiency of CTLA that it does not take into account the life costs and expected duration nof a tree. For this reason, any tree of a species or in a position or of a size to do damage to a highway will probably occasion repairs which, if these will shorten its life, means the tree should be down-valued even before it is damaged and possibly even before it causes damage. The second is that those trees that were valued at $1,100 or whatever costed the city possibly millions of dollars of highway repairs. Was the inevitability of this reflected in the initial valuations? I am going to say almost cetainly not because CTLA doesn't allow for this to be done. As an epilogue, the failure of the trees that had caused so much damage that they were badly damaged during remedial highway works may have saved the city millions more in further highway repair works as the trees might have continued to outgrow their situation. Again CTLA does not allow for this to be reflected in valuation.

£48+VAT for 4 signs at A3 size, full colour, rounded corners.

I have the Vistaprint ones, never fallen off. Only thing is someone nicked a pair of them last year in Sainsbury's car park and then a customer called me up and said guys wt irish accents had turned up unsolicited to offer her tree work and because she knew of me by reputation she said it didn't sound like my style. Police got onto it. Next set of signs I get will say on them "if these are not on vehicle [insert reg no(s).] then they've been nicked".

The clue is in the name Downy/pubescens, the twigs on it are finely hairy, like teenage bumfluff.

There's no contest. I've got a Stihl cap, and it's rubbish. End of!

I'd say it's a Witches Broom (look it up), common enough in Spruce.

Or Phytophthora alni, which is what I was hinting at with 'serious long term'.

Not entirely without reference, and I am relieved to see that I didn't make it up, although I my be interpreting 'occur naturally' wrongly as meaning something different from 'are present'. Viz. - "The present study has demonstrated that ScI and ScII occur naturally in wood decayed by S. crispa, at concentrations sufficient to impair the growth of other fungi. It seems possible, therefore, that these compounds may contribute to the suppression of potential competitors, hence allowing S. crispa to persist for an extended period." Looking again at the article 'Methods' I can't see that a control analysis of undecayed wood was undertaken, and the article doesn't therefore settle the matter of whether ScI/II occurs naturally in undecayed wood. I think it is reasonably settled that trees produce antifungal substances preventatively and/or reactively, but we can't say (at least, based on this article) whether Sc is one of them.

That's too many questions for anyone to give a meaningful written reply. Looks like bleeding cankers, could be anything from minor short-term to serious long term, but no way of knowing even from a 100 pictures. Maybe you need a consultation, someone to have a proper look then spend a while answering your questions then summarise the answers in writing. You'd best say where you are if you want quotes.

Perhaps Stamets read it too and jumped to an unscientific conclusion that you took as fact. Nunc melius cognoscere causas

I was a little confused too, it would be a new definition of parasitism. The attached may help a little, if nothing else the general comments in the last paragrah of p.3 show that competition is fierce between fungi and that inhibition of other species including Armillaria is highly effective. Rather than being parasitism it is out-competition. It also reads like sparassol and the similar ScI and ScII and orsenillic acid are not really synonymous. What I thought most interesting of all is that ScI and ScII are present naturally in woods, poresumably as antifungal defences, but that S. crispa can tolerate these better than its competitors can, giving it almost exclusive access to colonised (but still living) woody hosts. It's a short step to assume that if ScI/II inhibits the opposition and S. crispa can produce it as can trees themselves, it would be a good way to contain other fungal spreads. What stops the S. crispa thereafter is another question. scrispa.pdf

Well nearly none Determining Value Publications CIEEM - Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management but none that it is possible for an arb to apply, since it is largely a factor of how indispensable the trees are in the context of the ecological value of the bats.

COunldn't have said it better myself. See also my reply to Gary Prentice. Potential for needless surveys, potential for needless second surveys, impossibility of knowing whether development might disturb, no basis for knowing how to categorise batty trees and if they will be inhabited if retained amongst development. I will be recording PRFs and stating that I can find no basis for categorisation of consequent conservation value. A poorly thought-out link to 5837 by BSI. They do themselves no favours sometimes.