Pruning as a natural co evolutionary process, and man as part of that process as an inclusion of the ecology of trees.
Trees are pruned in nature by many forces, both biotic and abiotic, trees and fungi have co evolved throughout evolution, fungi no doubt present long before the trees. The fungi are quick to adapt to new resources, and have the capacity to breakdown ANY naturaly occurring compounds, even petro chemicals. It is simply absurd to assume that protection is possible, selection is another matter, for fungi need to posses the right enzymes in order to break down certain compounds.
I have no doubt that trees produce various chemicals in order to protect celluar structure but that this protection is not absolute and in fact has evolved along with certain species specific macrofungi in order to "select" preferred species and so co evolution.
There are many relationships in the tree fungi community that at first glance may sem highly one sided and negative in impact, this is however far from the truth. The relationship between trees and their species specific fungi, excluding non species specific "pathogens" is very complex and their ecologies are greatly interlinked.
It is not in the species specific fungus own interests to kill the host, that is not a strategy for ultimate success, true success in nature requires mutual cooperation's or what Alan Rayner would call "Natural inclusion"naturally inclusive relationships" True pathogenesis is extremely rare in nature because it is a self defeating process that eliminates the host species, see dutch elm disease.
Trees are primary producers, they also consume resources from the soil in order to make that product (sugar) they lock carbon up in their structures in huge quantities and convert the gas other organisms expire (carbon and convert it into oxygen) this is basic eco system cycling. If trees where able to avoid decay they would consume all the available resources and then die, they would be blind in their consumption (like us really) and die out as resources became limited.
So the relationship between trees and fungi is quite simple in these terms, trees include fungi, and generally fungi don't consume more than they need. It is far from THAT simple but basically it is principle.
If we understand this basic principle we can grasp that trees and fungi live in a stable but fluctuating relationship, if one or the other becomes too dominant they fall down and the other rises, this way balance within the forest ecosystem is maintained.
There are many many different forms of relationship in this highly ordered but complex system, and it is all to easy to see only one side of the coin and develop a biassed view of the whole system. There are true pathogens, true symbiosis, and every shade of grey inbetween the two extremes.
Co evolution is key in understanding the deeply complex relationships between fungi and trees.
One such relationship that is easily observed and documented is the relationship between our Native Ash Fraxinus excelsior and the fungus responsible for its self pruning Inonotus hispidus, another in need of much research is the even more highly evolved relationship between our native white oaks Q robur/petrea and fistulina hepatica, both these fungi can appear at first glance to be highly negative. In one forestry journal this negative impact was desribed as "collateral damage via Inonotus hispidus" this is highly detrimental wording and shows a fundamental error in our collective understanding of the complex relationships trees have with thier species specific macrofungi.
We seem to be very slow in adapting our views on these relationships, with a forestry commission article perpetuating such mis perceptions it is no surprise:confused1:
I shall add images shortly but wanted to get the typing done before tea!