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Fungus

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Everything posted by Fungus

  1. Fungus
    The oldest olive tree in the world is less than 2.000 years old.
  2. Fungus
    Now there's a surprise. How do you manage the tree species specific ecosystem and its soil food web if you have no knowlewdge of and expertise in the forest ecological and mycological field at all ? And do you really think you can manage tree species specific ecosystems and their soil food webs ?
  3. Fungus
    They do, but the oldest yew is less than 4.000 years old and I was referring to a more than twice as old solitary Picea and a somewhat older solitary Pinus and to genetically identical clusters of clones of Quercus palmeri (13.000 years old) and Populus tremelloides (80.000 years old).
  4. Fungus
    In thousands of articles and (chapters in) books on mycology and forest ecology written by hundreds of researchers from countries all over the world, including a few from the U.S. and Canada, that you not only don't seem to know about, but probably would also not be able to (fully) understand. Besides, where's the proof for the shamanistic belief that "Trees connect the earth, and mankind, to the heavens." And for the fact that trees can wall off some - why not all ? - wood-destroying fungi "indicating immortality", with the oldest trees on earth being a Picea abies of 9.550 years old or a Pinus longaeva of 4.800 years old ? What do you think is to be learned from an evolutionary angle from the fact that all of the oldest solitary or clustered trees on earth are tree species exclusively associated with ectomycorrhizal macrofungi ?
  5. Fungus
    and probably the first find ever on Cotoneaster.
  6. Fungus
    1. There wouldn't have been trees (and human beings) at all if some 400 million years ago a symbiosis between cyanobacteria and microfungi would not have colonized the land and started up the primal soil food webs. 2. To see what goes on in tree species specific ecosystems and soil food webs you have to know what you are looking for.
  7. Fungus
    Only true if restricted to the type of arborist you represent. As a consulting mycologist, I work with lots of European arborists, that have become familiar with the dynamics of tree species specific ecosystems including the soil food webs and the macrofungi they depend upon during successive stages of the tree species specific life cycles and implement this knowledge in their daily work.
  8. Fungus
    1. A bit paranoid are you ? No tag team, just the only two members left on Arbtalk that still react to your posts to warn others not to act on your "expertise". 2. As I said before, just two of them left and one down, because I don't consider myself to be your colleague. 3. I thought you identified a bacteria as the pathogen, so a cocktail of what and assessed by who ? 4. How do you assess an Armillaria infection without using a microscope ? 5. So now it's not just an unidentified bacteria, but a cocktail including Phytophthora too ? 6. There are several reliable ways to tell what causes a particular bleeding, but one needs diagnostic skills, test kits, a microscope and a laboratory to identify the pathogen.
  9. Fungus
    1. Not on the continent. 2. Could be, but probably because of the characteristics of the living tissues and dead wood of the tree species and not because of the caracteristics of the fungus, just as in the unique case of Platanus with its starch rich radial rays.
  10. Fungus
    Why introduce the term "tree associated species" if it concerns generalistic species of macrofungi, that are associated with lots of different tree species with which they didn't co-evolve, nor develop unique relationships ? And there are no symbiotic microfungi associated with Fraxinus that do not also associate with hundreds to thousands of trees and green plants, including grasses, because all endomycorrhizal symbionts are super generalists by nature.
  11. Fungus
    Apart from the anamorph Chalara fraxinea of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, Fraxinus has no tree species specific parasitic macrofungi. Even Perenniporia fraxinea is not restricted to Fraxinus and Daldinia concentrica also fruits from Quercus, Fagus, Alnus and Betula. Inonotus hispidus not only occurs on Fraxinus, but also on Quercus, Aesculus, Celtis, Crataegus, Juglans, Malus, Ulmus, Platanus, Morus, Populus, Prunus, Pyrus, Robinia, Salix, Sophora, Sorbus, Tilia, Vitis and Fagus. And Fraxinus has no symbiotic macrofungi, because it's associated with endomycorrhizal microfungi. Conclusion : Apart from a single exclusive parasitic and only a few tree species specific saprotrophic macrofungi, Fraxinus excelsior has no tree species specific macrofungi and this tree species is not an example of co-evolution with macrofungi at all.
  12. Fungus
    1. Who's observations and considered by who ? As always, just yours I assume ? Did you assess and identify the bacteria responsible for the production of the organic acids ? Did you exclude the smell of skunky beer being present because of acids produced by the tree itself and oozed as a reaction to an infection with Armillaria ? And did you exclude Phytophthora as the pathogen responsible for the black oozing ? 2. Now there's good news. So you have succeeded in effectively destroying pathogens such as Pseudomonas, Phytophthora, Chalara and Armillaria ?
  13. Fungus
    Now there's some high quality scientifically based research we have our ears slapped with . Listen and learn, all of you ignorant and tree surveyors : whatever is causing the black flux, oozing is infectious or maybe even contagious !!!
  14. Fungus
    If it is perennial, it probably is G. australe, because G. pfeifferi has not (yet) been found on red oak.
  15. Fungus
    1. . 2. The deformation is caused by the mycelium of Hypocrea pulvinata, of which the anamorph is present on the pores.
  16. Fungus
    I have no experience with D. odora, as it is not an indigenous species on the continent as D. mezereum, that for instance is quite common alongside foot paths and dirt roads in parts of the German Eifel.
  17. Fungus
    Also avoid skin contact with any (damaged) part of Daphne mezereum secreting sap.
  18. Fungus
    David, Where does the black oozing in the first picture come from : K. deusta or Armillaria cf. mellea or Phytophthora ?
  19. Fungus
    Not a tree, but I can't cut back Common hop (Humulus lupulus) without wearing long sleeves and gloves, because its leaves and vines scratch your skin after which it stings and itches for a day or two. And I don't know whether Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) is a problem (yet) in the U.K., but in The Netherlands and Germany it's a plaque and it is feared for the same effects to the skin as Sumak.
  20. Fungus
    David, Quite common though at this height on large wounds on beech on the continent and mostly associated with, i.e. as a parasite of Bjerkandera adusta (photo). And is the holly rooting in the decomposed wood deep inside the split ? ---
  21. Fungus
    The same thing happens after skin contact with the sap while pruning branches of Sumak species such as Rhus thyphina and R. radicans.
  22. Fungus
    No, mycotoxins are produced to alter (canker) and/or kill living tissues of plants or trees and for killing nematodes, self produced fungicides are used to suppress the growth of competing fungi.
  23. Fungus
    David, There's no association with Alnus (Fagus, Salix) still standing upright, it's just the "food source" on bark or dead wood Enteridiums need : bacteria, dead mosses and lichens, fungal spores and remains of fruitings of all kinds of macrofungi including annual bracket fungi.
  24. Fungus
    Nick, 1. Yes. 2. How : by invading the living tissues with hyphae secreting mycotoxins. Why : with fungi, the answer to a why question almost always is to get to the energy sources.
  25. Fungus
    What research has proven your claimed similarities between the living and dead wood invading and degrading strategy of the non-European Phellinus spiculosis fruiting from Carya and that of the European P. tuberculosis exclusively fruiting from Prunus ?

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