Succession of fungi

[Fungus]

Some examples of succession or co-existence of two species of fungi are :

- Bjerkandera adusta, a saprotrophic species, which causes a species specific type of white rot with self-produced organohalogens (poly-aromatic hydrocarbons), on beech often followed by Trametes gibbosa, which then starts as a parasite of the mycelium of B. adusta (see first photo).

- Trametes versicolor sometimes followed by Lenzites betulinus, which then starts as a parasite of the mycelium of T. versicolor.

- Yelly fungi, such as Tremella encephala, a parasite of the mycelium of Stereum sanguinolentum and T. mesenterica, a parasite of other Stereum spp. and of Peniophora species.

- Chroogomphus rutilus and Gomphidius glutinosus, parasites of the mycelia of ectomycorrhizal Suillus and Rhizopogon species and Gomphidius roseus, a parasite of the ectomycorrhizae of Suillus bovinus.

- Lycoperdon pyriforme, which sometimes fruits on or near (hidden) old crusts of Ustulina deusta (see second photo of the base of a Tilia).

[David Humphries]

That's a cracking example in the last shot Gerrit.

 

I've often pondered which comes first between Laetiporus & Fistulina.

 

Like here on this Oak.

 

My gut feeling is that perhaps Fistulina as a slow rotter, is well in attendance before oportunity allows the ingress of Laetiporus via later wounding etc....

 

What do you think Gerrit ?

 

 

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[Fungus]

I've often pondered which comes first between Laetiporus & Fistulina. My gut feeling is that perhaps Fistulina as a slow rotter, is well in attendance before opportunity allows the ingress of Laetiporus via later wounding etc....

 

David,

I have partially answered your question in the discussion on the co-existence of Collybia fusipes and Fistulina hepatica on oak in : http://arbtalk.co.uk/forum/fungi-pictures/28855-fistulina-hepatica.html, but to elaborate on that, in veteran Quercus robur, which is, together with Q. petrea and Castanea sativa, the only tree species, in/on which you can find both of them together, they often co-operate, both having their independend and fiercely defended territories, where F. hepatica almost always fruits in contact with the cambium after producing massive bark necrosis and L. sulphureus fruits from the decomposed brown rotted heartwood of the affected tree. Also see my Album : Fistulina hepatica.

Edited May 5, 2011 by Fungus

[Fungus]

Some examples of succession or co-existence of two species of fungi are :

- Yelly fungi, such as Tremella mesenterica, a parasite of Stereum and of Peniophora species ...

 

See my latest comment on the hosts of Tremella mesenterica and T. aurantia under : Trametes gibossa - Lumpy Bracket - David Humphries’s Fungi Directory - Arbtalk.co.uk | Discussion Forum for Arborists.

[Fungus]

For a mycological and ecological systemic and contextual approach to endo- and ectomycorrhizal symbionts and the role they play in the dynamics of species specific ecosystems of trees, see : Mycorrhizae.

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[Fungus]

Some examples of the succesion of tree species specific saprotrophic macrofungi, each contributing to decomposition and recycling of dead wood, leaves/needles or fruits of deciduous and coniferous tree species in different phases of the life cycle of the trees.

 

Decomposition and recycling of pine wood follows three phases of decomposition (Jahn, 1979) :

- the initial phase, starting 1-1.5 years after felling, in which Phlebiopsis gigantea, Stereum sanguinolentum (*) and Trichaptum abietinum (*) are the dominant decomposers,

- the optimal phase, starting 2-4 years after felling, when Calocera viscosa (*), Gymnopilus penetrans (= G. sapineus) (*), Hypholoma (= Psilocybe) capnoides (*), Paxillus atrotomentosus (*) and Tricholomopsis rutilans (*) are dominant,

- the final phase, starting 6-7 years after felling, with Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (*) as last species.

 

- Pine cones are (partially) decomposed by Strobilurus tenacellus (*), S. stephanocystis and Auriscalpium vulgare (*), followed or accompanied by Baeospora myosura (*), which - together with S. esculentus - also decomposes spruce cones. Xeromphalina campanella (*) mainly decomposes Picea wood.

 

- Micromphale perforans (*) and Mycena rosella (*) are among the species specializing on spruce needles.

 

- Hericium flagellum (photo 1) only fruits on/from 400-600 years old horizontal trunks of Abies with soil contact.

 

The three successive phases of decomposition of beech wood are (Runge, 1972) :

- the initial phase, starting 0.5-1 years after felling, in which Bisporella antennata, B. pallescens, Diatrype stigma (*), Chondrostereum purpureum (*), Cylindrobasidium evolvens, Ascoryne sarcoides (*), Neobulgaria pura (*), Bulgaria inquinans (*) and Ascotremella faginea (*) are the dominant decomposers,

- the optimal phase, starting 2-2.5 years after felling, in which Bjerkandera adusta (*), Lenzites betulinus (photo 2 : top with Panellus stipticus below) and Trametes versicolor (*) are the dominant species,

- the final phase, starting more then 7 years after felling, with Hypholoma (= Psilocybe) sublateritium (*), Polyporus brumalis (*), Psathyrella hydrophila (*), Pluteus cervinus (*), Kretzscharia (= Ustulina) deusta (*), Xylaria hypoxylon (*) and X. polymorpha (*) as dominant species.

 

- The genus Xylaria is both generalistic (see final phase beech) and tree species specific : X. longipes (*) is restricted to Acer wood, X. oxyacanthae (*) (and Monilinia johnsonii (*)) to kernels of (buried) mummified haws of Crataegus and X. carpophila (*) to capules of beech nuts.

 

- Acorns of Quercus robur are decomposed by Ciboria batschiana (*) and Hymenoscyphus fructigenus (*), shells of sweet chestnuts by Rutstroemia echinophila (*) and (buried) mummified male catkins of alder by Ciboria amentacea (*).

 

- Trichopeziza sericea (*) and Hymenochaete rubiginosa (*) only or mainly live on stumps of oak, Catinella olivacea (*) on rotting stumps and trunks of poplar and willow, Diatrype bullata (*) is a pioneer on fallen dead branches of willow, D. disciformis (*) of fallen dead branches and Hypoxylon fragiforme (*) of fallen dead braches and trunks of beech, etc.

 

And for the succession of species on burned wood and fire sites, see : Forestfires and macrofungi.

 

Descriptions and photo's of all (*) marked species can be found in/on my encyclopaedia and CD-rom.

 

H. Jahn (1979). Pilze die an Holz wachsen. Busse, Herford.

GJ. Keizer (1997). Encyclopaedia of Fungi. Rebo.

G.J. Keizer (2001/2010). The Interactive Guide to Mushrooms and other Fungi. CD-rom. ETI BioInformatics (UvA/UNESCO), Amsterdam/Leiden.

A. Runge (1972). Pilzsukzession auf Laubholzstümpfen. Z. Pilz. 41 : 31-38.

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Edited August 31, 2011 by Fungus

[David Humphries]

Here's an interesting documentation.

 

Lightning struck Oak from 2 years ago (first three shots)

 

Remaining shots from yesterday, showing Fistulina hepatica emerging from behind the damaged bark but also the rhizomorphs of Armillaria sp.

 

 

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[David Humphries]

Not sure when these poor chestnuts were finally put out of their collective misery, (maybe 2 years) but it's interesting to see the different fungal species at work on the same host tree species in such close proximity to each other.

 

stump 1 = Coprinus atramentarius & Flamulina velutipes

stump 2 = Armillaria sp (possibly mellea)

 

I would have thought that both stumps would have been worked on by Armillaria

 

 

 

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[David Humphries]

Last year we took down this lime colonised by Ganoderma australe and an Armillaria species (possibly A, mellea)

 

 

The stump and a significant biomass of roots were removed by grinding.

 

This year only Lacrymaria lacrymabunda (weeping widow) has fruited.

No evidence of the Armillaria from the remaining root mass.

 

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[marathonboats]

For a mycological and ecological systemic and contextual approach to endo- and ectomycorrhizal symbionts and the role they play in the dynamics of species specific ecosystems of trees, see : Mycorrhizae.

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Nice info thanks