This is a poorly executed fracture pruning cut. It didn't really fracture because my cuts were too deep and the branch wasn't heavy enough. The objective is by cutting in that V shape on the upper side, the branch will eventually just break instead of having a clean cut. Maybe this one is better called a coronet cut, which is roughing up a clean cut, so it exposes more wood and looks a bit more like a natural break.
The main reason I used this in this situation is because I could do it without damaging the lower or inner crown. With fracture pruning you have no control over the falling branch. Here I just tickled the outside of the epicormic growth on the lower stem (which is very important to leave intact on this tree), which was ok for me. Here I decided to leave a stump of the dead branch, and fracturing just makes it look more natural.
Positives:
- More natural look
- More wood exposed for microhabitat. The cracks and irregularities of the break are very interesting for invertebrates
- In the case of living wood: there is a reasoning that there is more epicormic growth (due to more cambium being exposed) and that the epicormic growth is better attached than on a clean cut.
- And a tree would be able to compartmentalise a stump better in a natural break than a clean cut.
- But to my understanding we can use more research on this last 2 points. Any way trees have been breaking branched for far longer than we have been cutting them
Negatives:
- In the case of a small diameter living branch (our textbook allowed cutting diameters), a clean cut outside the branch collar will have better compartmentalisation and overgrowth of the wound.
- The uncontrolled falling factor might be a risk for tree and climber. For example a bigger branch could fall, bounce back and damage the stem or roots with its butt. A break could peel off more bark than expected and wound the stem. Or a branch could damage other branches when falling. And for the climber fracture pruning a top is especially risky and has to be done very carefully.
So when to use it.
- on living wood: I never use it in the upper crown. In the upper crown I want clean cuts that compartmentalise well and will have less reaction growth due to te cut. I prefer to do this on lower bigger branches where I do want more reaction growth, and all the other positives.
- on dead wood: when the assignment is to remove dead wood for safety, I try to leave stumps that I know will not fall out of the tree (very species dependent). Smaller branches I try to break by hand many times, which technically also is fracture pruning
- And then the client is the one paying and sometimes has to say something too...